Plant Family
Gesneriaceae
African Violets, Lipstick Plants, Goldfish Plants & Cape Primrose · 4 genera covered
A family of tropical flowering plants that includes some of the most reliably flowering houseplants in cultivation. Saintpaulia (African violet) can flower continuously year-round given the right conditions. Aeschynanthus and Columnea flower prolifically on long trailing stems. The family shares certain care principles: bright indirect light for flowering, a cool autumn rest period to trigger bud initiation for the trailing genera, and a dislike of cold water on the leaves. All are non-toxic to cats and dogs.
Grown for its trailing stems and the dramatic tubular flowers that emerge from dark, lipstick-like buds. The flowers appear at the stem tips in clusters in vivid red, orange, or yellow. Given bright indirect light and the correct seasonal trigger, a cooler, drier rest in autumn, Aeschynanthus is one of the more reliably flowering trailing houseplants. Missing the autumn rest is the most common reason for failure to flower.
Aeschynanthus lobbianus
Classic Lipstick Plant
Bright Indirect
Trailing
Intermediate
Non-toxic
▸
Care
Ideal — Bright Indirect
Light
Ideal — Regular with Autumn Rest
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Description
Dark, tubular buds opening to vivid red flowers. The most widely available species. Long trailing stems suit hanging baskets. Flowers in spring and summer following an autumn rest period of reduced water and cooler temperatures (around 15°C) for 4-6 weeks. Without this rest period the plant grows vegetatively but rarely flowers.
Flowering Trigger
Autumn restReduce watering and allow temperatures to drop to around 15°C for 4-6 weeks in autumn. This mimics the seasonal conditions that trigger bud initiation.
After restResume normal watering and warmth. Flower buds should appear within 6-8 weeks.
SoilChunky, well-draining epiphytic mix. Bark and perlite.
Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Aeschynanthus radicans 'Mona Lisa'
Mona Lisa Lipstick Plant
Bright Indirect
Intermediate
Non-toxic
▸
Care
Ideal — Bright Indirect, No Direct Sun
Light
Ideal — Regular
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Description
One of the most free-flowering Aeschynanthus cultivars. It produces flowers more readily than the standard species in average indoor conditions. The autumn rest trigger is still beneficial but this cultivar is more willing to flower even with a less precise rest period. Red flowers. Same care as lobbianus.
Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Aeschynanthus 'Rasta'
Rasta Lipstick Plant
Bright Indirect
Curled Leaves
Intermediate
Non-toxic
▸
Care
Ideal — Bright Indirect, No Direct Sun
Light
Ideal — Regular
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Description
Curled, twisted leaves on trailing stems. The unusual curled foliage is the primary ornamental feature between flowering periods. It is distinctly different from standard flat-leaved Aeschynanthus. Produces red flowers like the standard species. The curling is a stable genetic characteristic, not a sign of stress.
Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Closely related to Columnea with similar care. The flowers are distinctly different. They are small, inflated, pouch-like shapes in orange, red, and yellow that resemble wooden clogs or goldfish. Produced prolifically in good light. The plant is more compact and bushy than Columnea and more tolerant of lower humidity. One of the easier flowering trailer houseplants to maintain.
Nematanthus gregarius
Clog Plant · Goldfish Plant
Bright Indirect
Trailing
Forgiving
Non-toxic
▸
Also known as
Clog Plant · Goldfish Plant · Candy Corn Plant
Care
Ideal — Bright Indirect, No Direct Sun
Light
Ideal — Regular, Consistently Moist
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Description
Glossy, succulent-like leaves on trailing stems with abundant orange-red pouch-shaped flowers. More tolerant of lower humidity than most Gesneriaceae. One of the easier flowering trailer houseplants for average indoor conditions. The pouch shape of the flowers is unlike anything else in common cultivation. Produces flowers more freely than most Aeschynanthus in lower humidity.
Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Nematanthus 'Black Gold'
Black Gold Clog Plant
Bright Indirect
Forgiving
Non-toxic
▸
Care
Ideal — Bright Indirect, No Direct Sun
Light
Ideal — Regular, Consistently Moist
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Description
Dark, near-black-green leaves with vivid orange flowers. The contrast between the dark foliage and bright flowers is the distinguishing characteristic. One of the most visually striking Nematanthus cultivars. Care identical to gregarius.
Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
One of the most widely cultivated flowering houseplants globally, with the unusual distinction of being able to flower continuously year-round indoors given adequate light and care. African violets fail primarily for two reasons: cold water on the hairy leaves, which causes white spots and leaf damage so always use room-temperature water, and insufficient light, which prevents flowering. Bottom watering eliminates the water-on-leaves problem entirely. A grow light on a 14-hour timer produces year-round flowering with minimal other intervention.
Saintpaulia ionantha
African Violet
Bright Indirect
Continuous Flowering
Intermediate
Non-toxic
▸
Care
Ideal — Bright Indirect / Grow Light
Light
Ideal — Regular (Bottom Watering)
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Description
Compact, velvety-leaved rosette with flowers in every shade of purple, pink, white, red, and bi-color in both single and double forms. Can flower continuously year-round with adequate bright indirect light or supplemental grow lighting. One of the best plants for grow light cultivation. It responds exceptionally well to consistent artificial light at 14 hours per day.
Detailed Care
WateringBottom watering preferred. Place the pot in water for 30 minutes then drain. Use room-temperature water only. Cold water causes the characteristic white spots on the hairy leaves.
PotShallow. The root system is shallow and does not need depth. Self-watering pots with a wick are the most effective and most forgiving setup.
SoilLightweight and well-aerated. African violet-specific mix or perlite and vermiculite blend. Standard potting mix is too dense.
PropagationLeaf cuttings. Remove a healthy leaf with its petiole, insert at an angle into moist propagation medium. New plantlets emerge at the petiole base over several weeks. One leaf produces multiple plantlets.
Temperature18–24°C. Stable. Below 15°C causes damage. Keep away from cold windows in winter.
Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Saintpaulia miniature varieties
Miniature African Violet
Bright Indirect / Grow Light
Under 8cm
Intermediate
Non-toxic
▸
Care
Ideal — Bright Indirect
Light
Ideal — Regular, Slight Dry-Down OK
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Description
African violets under 8cm in diameter. Require identical care to standard-sized plants but suit smaller spaces, window ledges, and terrarium growing particularly well. Some miniature varieties flower more prolifically relative to their size than standard forms. Well suited to grow light setups where multiple plants can be kept on a single shelf.
Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
A diverse genus with two distinct growth forms in common cultivation: the small-leaved trailing saxorum and the larger rosette-forming cultivars with dramatic flower spikes. Both require similar care to African violets, bright indirect light, bottom watering with room-temperature water, and a lightweight well-aerated medium. The larger cultivars have been extensively hybridised and produce flowers in an extraordinarily wide range of colors.
Streptocarpus saxorum
Nodding Violet · Cape Primrose
Bright Indirect
Trailing
Forgiving
Non-toxic
▸
Care
Ideal — Bright to Moderate
Light
Ideal — Regular
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Description
Small, trailing stems with tiny, succulent-textured leaves and pale lavender flowers produced nearly year-round in good light. One of the easiest Gesneriads for indoor growing, more tolerant of dry air and variable watering than most in the family. The most forgiving entry point for the genus. Good for growers who find standard rosette Streptocarpus challenging.
Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Streptocarpus 'Crystal Ice'
Crystal Ice Cape Primrose
Bright Indirect
Rosette
Intermediate
Non-toxic
▸
Care
Ideal — Bright to Moderate
Light
Ideal — Regular
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Description
White flowers veined in violet on a compact rosette plant. One of the most refined-looking Streptocarpus cultivars. Flowers over an extended period with adequate bright indirect light. Similar care to African violets, bottom watering preferred, room-temperature water, lightweight aerated medium.
Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Streptocarpus 'Kim'
Kim Cape Primrose
Bright Indirect
Rosette
Intermediate
Non-toxic
▸
Care
Ideal — Bright to Moderate
Light
Ideal — Regular
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Description
Deep purple flowers with a white throat. One of the most richly colored standard rosette Streptocarpus cultivars. Reliable and widely available. Care identical to Crystal Ice, bright indirect light, bottom watering, lightweight medium.
Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe