Plant Family

Marantaceae

Prayer Plants, Calathea, Maranta, Stromanthe & relatives · 4 genera covered

One of the most visually extraordinary houseplant families, and one of the most consistently misunderstood in terms of care. The leaf patterns, from the graphic oval spots of Goeppertia orbifolia to the fine silver hairlines of ornata to the velvet feathering of warszewiczii, appear hand-painted and are unlike anything produced by any other commonly cultivated plant group. The nyctinastic leaf movement (leaves folding at night and opening in the morning) happens daily in healthy specimens and is one of the most engaging behaviours of any houseplant.

The family fails for three reasons almost exclusively: tap water mineral and fluoride accumulation causing chronic leaf edge browning; dry air causing curling, browning, and overall decline; and overwatering into poor drainage causing rhizome rot. Address these with filtered or rainwater, a humidifier, and a fast-draining but moisture-retentive medium, and the care complexity largely resolves. All Marantaceae are non-toxic to cats and dogs.

Type · Light · Difficulty
Safe for
Showing all varieties
Ctenanthe|Never-Never Plants
4 varieties · Brazil · Upright clumping
Closely related to Goeppertia but tends to be more upright and larger-growing. Several species are somewhat more tolerant of imperfect conditions than the most demanding Goeppertia, making them a reasonable entry point for the family. The same three failure causes apply — tap water, dry air, overwatering — but Ctenanthe handles lapses more forgivingly than most Goeppertia.
Ctenanthe burle-marxii 'Amagris'
Amagris · Fishbone Prayer Plant
Low–Medium Indirect More Forgiving Non-toxic
Description

Silver-grey leaves with dark green herringbone patterning and a purple underside. One of the most widely available Ctenanthe. More tolerant of lower humidity than most Goeppertia — a reasonable entry point for the family. The herringbone pattern is graphic and bold. Filtered water still recommended for best appearance but more tolerant of occasional tap water than most Goeppertia.

Care
Ideal — Low to Medium
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Consistently Moist
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Ideal — Moderate (50%+)
Humidity
Dry
Moderate
High
Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Ctenanthe oppenheimiana
Giant Bamburanta
Low–Medium Indirect More Forgiving Non-toxic
Care
Ideal — Medium to Bright Indirect, Adaptable
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular, Consistently Moist
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Ideal — High
Humidity
Low
Medium
High
Very High
Description

Large, lance-shaped leaves with irregular silver and dark green banding and a burgundy-red underside. More upright and architectural than most Marantaceae. Slightly more tolerant of lower light than other species in the family. One of the largest-growing Ctenanthe, impressive at scale in a bright indirect position.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Ctenanthe setosa 'Grey Star'
Grey Star Ctenanthe
Low–Medium Indirect More Forgiving Non-toxic
Care
Ideal — Medium to Bright Indirect, Adaptable
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular, Consistently Moist
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Ideal — High
Humidity
Low
Medium
High
Very High
Description

Silver-grey leaves with subtle green herringbone patterning. One of the more restrained, elegant cultivars in the family. Better humidity tolerance than most Goeppertia — one of the more adaptable species for average home conditions. The silver-grey tone is calmer and less graphic than amagris but equally refined.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Goeppertia|Calathea · Prayer Plants
19 varieties · Tropical Americas · Clumping, rhizomatous
The reclassification of most Calathea species into Goeppertia is taxonomically correct but commercially invisible — nearly all plants are still sold as Calathea and will be for the foreseeable future. Both names are used here. The three failure causes described in the family intro apply with particular force to Goeppertia: tap water mineral buildup is the dominant cause of chronic leaf edge browning, dry air causes decline that no amount of watering corrects, and overwatering into poor drainage causes rhizome rot before above-ground symptoms appear. Address all three and Goeppertia is a rewarding and extraordinary plant. Miss one and it declines persistently.
Goeppertia ornata
Pinstripe Calathea
Low–Medium Indirect Intermediate Non-toxic
Care
Ideal — Low to Medium Indirect
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular, Consistently Moist
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Ideal — High
Humidity
Low
Medium
High
Very High
Description

Deep green leaves with precise pink or white pinstripes and a burgundy underside. One of the most graphic and striking leaf patterns in the genus. More tolerant of lower humidity than many species — a reasonable starting point for first-time Goeppertia growers. The pinstripes fade from pink to white as leaves mature, which is normal aging rather than a care problem.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Goeppertia makoyana
Peacock Plant · Cathedral Windows
Low–Medium Indirect High Humidity Intermediate Non-toxic
Care
Ideal — Medium to Bright Indirect
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular, Consistently Moist
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Ideal — High
Humidity
Low
Medium
High
Very High
Description

Translucent, pale green leaves with a dark green pattern that appears to glow when backlit. The Cathedral Windows effect is the result of this translucency. The pattern on the upper surface is mirrored in darker tones on the burgundy underside. Considered by many to be the most beautiful foliage plant in general cultivation. Requires consistent conditions — fluctuations cause rapid leaf deterioration. Filtered water is non-negotiable for maintaining the leaf quality over time.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Goeppertia zebrina
Zebra Plant Calathea
Low–Medium Indirect Intermediate Non-toxic
Care
Ideal — Medium to Bright Indirect
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular, Consistently Moist
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Ideal — High
Humidity
Low
Medium
High
Very High
Description

Bold alternating light and dark green stripes on wide, velvety leaves with a purple underside. Larger-growing than many in the genus — can reach 90cm. One of the more forgiving species for humidity variation. The velvety surface and the stripe width distinguish it immediately from most other Goeppertia.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Goeppertia lancifolia
Rattlesnake Plant
Low–Medium Indirect More Forgiving Non-toxic
Also known as
Rattlesnake Plant · Calathea lancifolia · Calathea insignis
Care
Ideal — Low to Medium Indirect
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular, Consistently Moist
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Ideal — High
Humidity
Low
Medium
High
Very High
Description

Long, narrow leaves with alternating dark oval spots and a purple underside. More drought-tolerant than most Goeppertia — one of the most recommended for beginners in the genus. Still appreciates humidity and filtered water but forgives occasional lapses better than makoyana or White Fusion. The long, undulating leaf form and spot pattern are distinctive.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Goeppertia roseopicta 'Dottie'
Dottie Calathea
Medium Indirect High Humidity Intermediate Non-toxic
Care
Ideal — Medium to Bright Indirect
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular, Consistently Moist
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Ideal — High
Humidity
Low
Medium
High
Very High
Description

Dark, near-black leaves with a vivid pink ring and pink midrib. One of the most dramatically colored Goeppertia cultivars. Requires medium indirect light to maintain the dark coloration and pink markings. In low light the contrast fades. High humidity for best leaf quality.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Goeppertia roseopicta 'Medallion'
Medallion Calathea
Medium Indirect High Humidity Intermediate Non-toxic
Care
Ideal — Medium to Bright Indirect
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular, Consistently Moist
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Ideal — High
Humidity
Low
Medium
High
Very High
Description

Large, rounded leaves with a complex silver, green, and cream medallion pattern and a burgundy underside. One of the most elaborate patterned forms. The central medallion design is intricate and distinct from the stripe or spot patterns of most other Goeppertia. Standard Goeppertia care with particular attention to humidity and filtered water.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Goeppertia musaica
Network Calathea
Low–Medium Indirect More Forgiving Non-toxic
Care
Ideal — Medium to Bright Indirect
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular, Consistently Moist
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Ideal — High
Humidity
Low
Medium
High
Very High
Description

Fine, mosaic-like network pattern of light and dark green covering the entire leaf surface. The pattern appears almost geometric, unlike the flowing, organic patterns of most other Goeppertia. Lower humidity tolerance than most species — one of the more adaptable for average home conditions. A genuinely distinctive plant that reads as unusual even to those unfamiliar with the genus.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Goeppertia orbifolia
Orbifolia Calathea
Low–Medium Indirect Intermediate Non-toxic
Care
Ideal — Medium to Bright Indirect
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular, Consistently Moist
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Ideal — High
Humidity
Low
Medium
High
Very High
Description

Large, round, silver-grey and dark green striped leaves. One of the largest-leaved commonly available Goeppertia — can reach 30cm+ across per leaf in good conditions. The rounded leaf form and bold silver striping give it a more graphic, architectural quality than most in the genus. Slightly more tolerant of lower humidity. Filtered water essential — the large leaf surface makes mineral buildup browning very visible.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Goeppertia rufibarba
Furry Feather Calathea
Low–Medium Indirect More Forgiving Non-toxic
Care
Ideal — Medium to Bright Indirect
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular, Consistently Moist
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Ideal — High
Humidity
Low
Medium
High
Very High
Description

Narrow, lance-shaped leaves with a distinctive fuzzy texture on the undersides and stems. Unlike any other commonly grown Goeppertia in its tactile quality. The furriness is immediately noticeable on handling. More tolerant of lower humidity than velvety-leaved species. The upper surface is dark green, the underside purple and hairy. A more forgiving starting point than most in the genus.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Goeppertia lietzei 'White Fusion'
White Fusion Calathea
Medium Indirect High Humidity 70%+ Advanced Non-toxic
Care
Ideal — Medium to Bright Indirect
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular, Consistently Moist
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Ideal — Very High
Humidity
Low
Medium
High
Very High
Description

White, green, and lavender variegation across the leaf surface with a lavender underside. One of the most complex patterned Goeppertia cultivars and one of the most demanding. Requires the highest humidity of the commonly available forms, 70%+ consistently, filtered water without exception, and stable temperatures. Widely considered one of the most difficult common houseplants to maintain in excellent condition. Not recommended as a first Goeppertia. Start with lancifolia, musaica, or rufibarba and work up to this.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Goeppertia crocata
Eternal Flame Calathea
Medium Indirect Flowering Intermediate Non-toxic
Care
Ideal — Medium to Bright Indirect
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular, Consistently Moist
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Ideal — High
Humidity
Low
Medium
High
Very High
Description

Grown for its vivid orange flower bracts as well as its attractive dark, wavy-margined leaves. One of the few Goeppertia that flowers reliably indoors given adequate light. The orange bract spikes emerge from the center of the plant and last several weeks. Requires slightly more light than most Goeppertia to initiate and sustain flowering.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Maranta|Prayer Plant
3 varieties · Tropical Americas · Low, spreading
The archetypal prayer plant — the plant whose nyctinastic leaf folding at night gave the family its common name. More forgiving than most Goeppertia while sharing the same visual complexity. Handles occasional tap water use better than most Goeppertia, and tolerates slightly lower humidity without immediate deterioration. Unlike Goeppertia, Maranta can be propagated from stem cuttings with a node as well as by division.
Maranta leuconeura var. erythroneura
Herringbone Plant · Red Prayer Plant
Low–Medium Indirect More Forgiving Non-toxic
Care
Ideal — Medium Indirect, Forgiving
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular, Consistently Moist
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Ideal — Moderate to High
Humidity
Low
Medium
High
Very High
Description

Red veins on a yellow-green center with dark green oval spots and a grey-green outer zone. The most complex and most vivid Maranta pattern — the color combination is unlike anything else in the genus. The most commonly grown variety. Folds its leaves upward at night and opens flat in the morning. More forgiving of humidity and water quality lapses than Goeppertia. Can be propagated from stem cuttings in addition to division.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Maranta leuconeura var. kerchoveana
Rabbit's Foot Maranta
Low–Medium Indirect More Forgiving Non-toxic
Care
Ideal — Medium Indirect, Forgiving
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular, Consistently Moist
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Ideal — Moderate to High
Humidity
Low
Medium
High
Very High
Description

Dark brown oval spots on a grey-green ground. More subdued than erythroneura. The spots rather than veins are the pattern element. Slightly more tolerant of lower light and humidity. A less visually dramatic but more resilient option for growers finding erythroneura difficult.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Stromanthe|Tricolour Prayer Plants
2 varieties · South America · Upright clumping
Closely related to Goeppertia but generally considered slightly more forgiving. The Triostar cultivar has become one of the most widely sold plants in the family, prized for its pink, white, and green variegation and vivid magenta-pink underside. Care requirements are similar to Goeppertia but with slightly more tolerance for imperfect conditions.
Stromanthe thalia 'Triostar'
Triostar · Tricolour Stromanthe
Low–Medium Indirect Intermediate Non-toxic
Care
Ideal — Medium to Bright Indirect
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular, Consistently Moist
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Ideal — Very High
Humidity
Low
Medium
High
Very High
Description

Green, cream, and pink variegation on the upper surface with a vivid magenta-pink underside. The underside color is visible as the leaves fold at night, one of the most dramatic nyctinastic displays in the family. The pink variegation is unstable. Some leaves emerge more green, others more pink, which is normal. Filtered water still recommended for best long-term appearance.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Stromanthe sanguinea 'Multicolor'
Multicolor Stromanthe
Low–Medium Indirect Intermediate Non-toxic
Care
Ideal — Medium to Bright Indirect
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular, Consistently Moist
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Ideal — High
Humidity
Low
Medium
High
Very High
Description

Similar to Triostar with slightly different variegation proportions. Often sold interchangeably with Triostar at retail. The distinction between the two cultivars is minimal in practice. Care identical to Triostar.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe