Plant Family

Urticaceae

Chinese Money Plant & Baby's Tears · 2 genera covered · 11 varieties

Urticaceae is best known to houseplant growers through Pilea peperomioides, the Chinese Money Plant or Pancake Plant, one of the most enthusiastically shared and propagated houseplants of the last decade, owing to the abundant offsets it produces around the base of the mother plant. The family also includes Soleirolia, an entirely different growth form: a dense, moss-like carpet known as Baby's Tears that thrives in humid, shaded terrarium conditions. Despite the family name referencing nettles (Urtica), none of the houseplant genera covered here carry stinging hairs, and all are non-toxic to cats and dogs.

Form · Colour · Difficulty
Safe for
Showing all varieties
Pilea|Chinese Money Plant & relatives
9 varieties · Tropical & subtropical worldwide · Upright to trailing, succulent-leaved
Pilea peperomioides became one of the most widely shared houseplants of the 2010s largely because of how readily it produces offsets — small plantlets emerging from the base or roots that can be potted up and given away. The genus as a whole is forgiving, fast-growing, and varied in form, ranging from the upright single-stem peperomioides to the dense trailing mats of glauca and nummulariifolia. Most species tolerate average indoor humidity well, a meaningful contrast to the demanding ferns and Selaginella elsewhere in the encyclopaedia. All Pilea are non-toxic.
Pilea peperomioides
Chinese Money Plant · Pancake Plant
Bright Indirect Forgiving Pet Safe
Also known as
Chinese Money Plant · Pancake Plant · UFO Plant · Missionary Plant
Care
Ideal — Bright Indirect
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Description

Round, flat, coin-shaped leaves on long petioles radiating from a single central stem — one of the most distinctive and recognisable silhouettes among common houseplants. Famous for producing offsets readily, both from the base of the mother plant and occasionally from underground roots some distance away, which is part of why it became such a widely shared and gifted plant in the past decade. Rotate regularly to keep growth even, since the plant grows strongly toward the light source and becomes lopsided otherwise. A genuinely easy, fast-growing, and rewarding plant for most indoor conditions.

Detailed Care
RotationRotate a quarter turn weekly. Strong phototropic response means uneven light causes lopsided, leaning growth quickly.
OffsetsRemove plantlets once they have a few leaves and roots of their own, and pot separately. Removing offsets also redirects energy to the mother plant.
WateringAllow the top half of the soil to dry between waterings. Drooping leaves are a reliable thirst signal and the plant recovers quickly once watered.
CleaningWipe the flat leaves periodically to remove dust, which otherwise reduces light capture on the broad leaf surface.
Cause of DeathOverwatering causing root rot. Prolonged low light causing leggy, sparse growth.
Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Pilea involucrata 'Moon Valley'
Moon Valley Pilea · Friendship Plant
Bright Indirect Forgiving Coloured Foliage Pet Safe
Care
Ideal — Bright Indirect, Avoid Direct
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Description

Deeply quilted, textured leaves in bronze-green with darker veining give this Pilea an almost reptilian surface quality quite unlike the smooth-leaved peperomioides. Compact, bushy growth habit suited to tabletop display. Benefits from slightly higher humidity than peperomioides to keep the textured leaves looking their best, though it tolerates average home conditions reasonably well. One of the more visually unusual Pilea forms available.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Pilea cadierei
Aluminum Plant
Bright Indirect Forgiving Coloured Foliage Pet Safe
Care
Ideal — Bright Indirect, Avoid Direct
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Description

Dark green leaves marked with raised silvery patches between the veins, giving a metallic, hammered appearance that lends the plant its common name. A classic and long-established houseplant predating the more recent peperomioides trend. Bushy, compact growth habit. Benefits from occasional pinching back to keep growth dense rather than leggy, and from division and restart every couple of years as older stems become woody and less attractive than fresh growth.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Pilea glauca
Silver Sprinkles · Aquamarine Pilea
Bright Indirect Forgiving Coloured Foliage Pet Safe
Care
Ideal — Low to Medium
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Ideal — Moderate to High
Humidity
Low
Medium
High
Very High
Description

Tiny, rounded, blue-green leaves on delicate trailing stems, often tinged with a subtle pink-red blush at the growing tips. A good choice for hanging baskets, shelf edges, or trailing from a tall pot. Grows quickly and fills out into a dense, cascading mound with minimal fuss. One of the more forgiving trailing Pilea forms, tolerating a range of indoor light and watering routines.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Pilea libanensis
Lebanese Pilea
Bright Indirect Forgiving Pet Safe
Care
Ideal — Bright Indirect
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Description

Closely related to glauca with similarly small, succulent, blue-grey leaves on trailing stems. Often confused with glauca at retail; the leaves of libanensis tend toward a slightly more grey-blue cast rather than glauca's green-blue. Care is essentially identical between the two. Both are easy, fast-trailing plants well suited to baskets and shelves.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Pilea nummulariifolia
Creeping Charlie · Lemon Bacopa
Bright Indirect Forgiving Pet Safe
Care
Ideal — Medium, Semi-Shade
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular to High, Consistently Moist
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Description

Small, rounded, bright green leaves on densely creeping stems that root readily where they touch soil, forming a thick mat. Fast-growing and well suited to ground cover in terrarium settings or as a cascading basket plant. A reliable, fuss-free trailer that fills space quickly. Frequent trimming keeps it dense rather than straggly.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Pilea microphylla
Artillery Plant
Bright Indirect Forgiving Pet Safe
Care
Ideal — Low to Medium
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Description

Extremely fine, fern-like foliage made up of tiny leaflets on densely branching stems, giving a fluffy, textured mound quite different from the broader-leaved Pilea forms. Named for the way its ripe seed capsules expel pollen with a visible puff when disturbed. Compact and easy to maintain, well suited to small pots, terrariums, and dish gardens where its fine texture contrasts nicely with bolder foliage plants.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Pilea 'Silver Tree'
Silver Tree Pilea
Bright Indirect Forgiving Coloured Foliage Pet Safe
Care
Ideal — Bright Indirect, Avoid Direct
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Description

An upright, bushy cultivar with a pronounced metallic silver sheen across the leaf surface, giving an almost pewter-like quality in certain light. More upright than the trailing glauca and libanensis, forming a small shrubby mound rather than cascading. The reflective leaf quality makes it a striking textural contrast plant alongside matte-leaved companions. Care is consistent with the rest of the genus, bright indirect light and regular watering.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Pilea 'Dark Mystery'
Dark Mystery Pilea
Bright Indirect Forgiving Coloured Foliage Pet Safe
Care
Ideal — Bright Indirect, Avoid Direct
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Regular
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Description

Deep bronze-purple foliage, among the darkest colouration available in the genus, giving a dramatic, moody presence quite different from the bright greens and silvers of most other Pilea. The dark pigmentation is most intense in bright indirect light; in lower light the colour shifts toward plain green. A good plant for adding colour contrast to a mixed Pilea collection or alongside lighter-leaved companions.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Soleirolia|Baby's Tears
2 varieties · Western Mediterranean islands · Dense, creeping, moss-like mat
Soleirolia soleirolii forms a dense, low, moss-like mat of tiny round leaves that roots readily wherever stems touch soil. It requires consistently moist conditions and benefits significantly from higher humidity, making terrariums and closed containers an ideal setting; in the open air of a typical room it tends to dry out and brown at the edges more readily than most houseplants. Widely used as a living ground cover beneath taller terrarium specimens or in dish gardens. Non-toxic to cats and dogs.
Soleirolia soleirolii
Baby's Tears · Mind Your Own Business
Low–Medium Indirect Intermediate Pet Safe
Also known as
Baby's Tears · Mind Your Own Business · Angel's Tears
Care
Ideal — Low to Medium Indirect
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — Consistently Moist
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Description

Forms a dense, soft, moss-like carpet of tiny round bright green leaves on thread-like creeping stems that root wherever they touch moist soil. One of the best living ground covers for terrariums and closed containers, where the consistently elevated humidity suits it far better than typical open-room conditions. In a standard pot in average household air, the fine leaves dry and brown at the edges more readily than most houseplants, making this a better terrarium subject than a standalone display plant for most growers. Spreads quickly once established in the right conditions.

Detailed Care
HumidityHigh humidity strongly preferred — terrarium or closed-container growing gives the most reliable results. In open air, browning at the edges is common without supplemental humidity.
WateringKeep consistently moist. The shallow, fine root system has little buffer against drying out; the mat wilts visibly within hours of drying and may not fully recover from severe desiccation.
TrimmingTrim back periodically to keep growth dense and prevent the centre from thinning as outer growth spreads.
PropagationDivision of an established mat is the easiest method. Any rooted section transplants readily into fresh moist medium.
Cause of DeathDrying out, especially outside a terrarium setting. Direct sun scorching the delicate leaves.
Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe
Soleirolia soleirolii 'Aurea'
Golden Baby's Tears
Medium–Bright Indirect Intermediate Coloured Foliage Pet Safe
Care
Ideal — Medium Indirect
Light
Low
Medium
Bright
Full Sun
Ideal — High, Consistently Moist
Water
Drought
Regular
High
Frequent
Ideal — High
Humidity
Low
Medium
High
Very High
Description

A golden-yellow-green cultivar of standard soleirolii, with the same dense mat-forming habit and tiny rounded leaves but a brighter, warmer colour overall. Requires more light than the plain green form to maintain the gold colouration. In low light it reverts toward green. Otherwise shares the same humidity and watering demands as standard Baby's Tears, including the same suitability for terrarium growing over open-room display.

Toxicity
CatsSafe
DogsSafe
BirdsSafe
RodentsSafe
ReptilesSafe